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| #include<bits/stdc++.h> #define Tp template<typename Ty> #define Ts template<typename Ty,typename... Ar> #define W while #define I inline #define RI register int #define LL long long #define Cn const #define CI Cn int& #define gc getchar #define D isdigit(c=gc()) #define pc(c) putchar((c)) #define min(x,y) ((x)<(y)?(x):(y)) #define max(x,y) ((x)>(y)?(x):(y)) using namespace std; namespace Debug{ Tp I void _debug(Cn char* f,Ty t){cerr<<f<<'='<<t<<endl;} Ts I void _debug(Cn char* f,Ty x,Ar... y){W(*f!=',') cerr<<*f++;cerr<<'='<<x<<",";_debug(f+1,y...);} Tp ostream& operator<<(ostream& os,Cn vector<Ty>& V){os<<"[";for(Cn auto& vv:V) os<<vv<<",";os<<"]";return os;} #define gdb(...) _debug(#__VA_ARGS__,__VA_ARGS__) }using namespace Debug; namespace FastIO{ Tp I void read(Ty& x){char c;int f=1;x=0;W(!D) f=c^'-'?1:-1;W(x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+(c&15),D);x*=f;} Ts I void read(Ty& x,Ar&... y){read(x),read(y...);} Tp I void write(Ty x){x<0&&(pc('-'),x=-x,0),x<10?(pc(x+'0'),0):(write(x/10),pc(x%10+'0'),0);} Tp I void writeln(Cn Ty& x){write(x),pc('\n');} }using namespace FastIO; Cn int N=4e6+10,P=(1<<30); int Tt,n,m,p[N],v[N],mu[N],tot,F[N],Inv2,b[N]; I int HB(RI n,CI x){ RI S=0;W(!(n%x)){ S++,n/=x; if(S>2) return 0; }return -1LL*x*x%P*x%P*F[n]%P; } I void GM(){ RI i,k;LL j;for(mu[1]=1,i=2;i<N;i++) for(!v[i]&&(mu[p[++tot]=i]=-1),j=1;j<=tot&&i*p[j]<N;j++) if(v[i*p[j]]=1,i%p[j]) mu[i*p[j]]=-mu[i];else{mu[i*p[j]]=0;break ;} for(i=2;i<N;i++) for(j=1LL*i*i;j<N;j+=i*i) b[j]=1; for(i=1;i<N;i++) if(!b[i]) for(j=i;j<N;j+=i) F[j]=(1LL*mu[j/i]*(j/i)%P*j%P+F[j])%P; for(i=1;i<N;i++) F[i]=(1LL*F[i]+F[i-1])%P; } I int S(CI n,CI m){ #define Sum(x) (1LL*(1+(x))*(x)/2%P) RI i,j;LL X=0; for(i=1;i<=min(n,m);i=j+1) j=min(n/(n/i),m/(m/i)),X=(1LL*X+1LL*Sum(n/i)*Sum(m/i)%P*(F[j]-F[i-1])%P)%P,X=(X+P)%P; return X; } I int QP(RI a,RI b){RI s=1;W(b) b&1&&(s=1LL*s*a%P),a=1LL*a*a%P,b>>=1;return s;} int main(){ GM(),read(Tt); W(Tt--) read(n,m),writeln(S(n,m)); return 0; }
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